{"id":5641,"date":"2011-03-18t13:36:41","date_gmt":"2011-03-18t19:36:41","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/"},"modified":"2018-05-07t12:02:52","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07t17:02:52","slug":"a-word-on-nomenclature","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/guides-sub-pages\/a-word-on-nomenclature\/","title":{"rendered":"a word on nomenclature"},"content":{"rendered":"<address>\/\/ by joe bandy, assistant director, cft<\/address>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>as is obvious from the variety of teaching models associated with &#8220;service learning,&#8221; the term is a label for a wide variety of community-oriented pedagogies throughout higher education.\u00a0 traditionally, the term, \u201cservice learning,\u201d has been a more common label for these pedagogies and it is under this moniker that the practice has been institutionalized in the titles of higher education initiatives, centers, curricula, professional societies, conferences, journals and books.<\/p>\n<p>however, the term &#8220;service&#8221; in \u201cservice learning\u201d has received some criticism, particularly from supporters who regard the pedagogy as a potentially powerful force for both education and community development.\u00a0 they have argued that the language of \u201cservice\u201d can mislead students or faculty into relationships with communities that are not mutually beneficial, and thus work to reinforce stereotypes or inequalities.\u00a0 insofar as students regard themselves as &#8220;working for&#8221; and not &#8220;working with&#8221; a community \u201cclient,\u201d they may see the community partner through paternalistic lenses.\u00a0 at its worst, this may limit a community&#8217;s voice, limit the effectiveness of community-based projects, and reinforce campus-community inequalities.<a href=\"http:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/vu-cft\/cft_newsletter\/references.htm\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>in part because of these reasons, an array of other terms with different connotations have become common:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>community-based teaching\u00a0 or learning <\/strong>these are terms that are frequent substitutes for service learning but reference many of the same teaching practices.\u00a0 they do emphasize, however, the language of community work over that of service.\u00a0 also, by highlighting community, they focus students, faculty, and partners on the interdependencies and shared identities that define a specific place.\u00a0 these relationships and commonalities, however, can be sufficiently broad to accommodate communities of various definitions and various spatial scales, from the local to the international.<\/li>\n<li><strong>civic education<\/strong> 瑞士vs喀麦隆走地\u2019s doug perkins argues that \u201ccivic education\u201d goes beyond service learning, by encouraging more transformative and less incremental change.\u00a0 whereas service learning connotes sending students into the community to volunteer to assist with direct social services, civic education prompts students to go beyond ameliorative service and begin to address problems at their systemic political, economic, and socio-cultural root causes.\u00a0 understanding community engagement through the lens of civic education requires an analysis of power and oppression across multiple levels of development and social organization.\u00a0 framing the work of community research in terms of oppression, liberation, and wellness, perkins asserts that students and educators must be sure to analyze a wide array of social problems, particularly those that threaten to make both our social and natural environments unsustainable.<a href=\"http:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/vu-cft\/cft_newsletter\/references.htm\">[6]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>civic engagement<\/strong> some prefer this older, more general term as a catch-all to describe activities inside and outside of the curriculum, and even inside and outside of educational institutions altogether.\u00a0 michael delli carpini, director of the pew charitable trusts, argues that \u201cservice-learning and civic engagement are not the same thing in the sense that not all service-learning has a civic dimension and not all civic engagement is service-learning. for definition\u2019s sake, civic engagement is the broader motif, encompassing service-learning but not limited to it. one useful definition of civic engagement is the following: individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concern.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>public scholarship<\/strong> according to jeffrey bridger and theodore alter, public scholarship represents a broad \u201cmovement to develop new and productive connections between the university and its publics\u201d that is inclusive of service learning as well as \u201cresearch and outreach efforts that address critical social, economic, political and environmental issues.\u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/vu-cft\/cft_newsletter\/references.htm\">[7]<\/a> like \u201ccivic engagement,\u201d public scholarship is a general term that includes all scholarship \u2013 research and teaching \u2013 that focuses on public needs and problems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>it is worth noting, however, that these terms also have their detractors.\u00a0\u00a0therefore, no one term transcends all limitations or is innocent of criticism.\u00a0 further, many who continue to use the term, &#8220;service learning,&#8221; do so largely because of its continuing prominence in the field of education and endeavor to debate and overcome the limitations of the word &#8220;service.&#8221;\u00a0 also, its defenders state that &#8220;service&#8221; emphasizes community action through good works, while other terms may promote merely experiences of, rather than work with, a community.\u00a0 thus there is more commonality among these terms than may sometimes be apparent in debates within the field.\u00a0 indeed, practitioners who use each of these terms generally seek to fulfill ernest boyer\u2019s ideal that \u201c\u2026the academy must become a more vigorous partner in the search for answers to our most pressing social, civic, economic, and moral problems.\u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/cdn.vanderbilt.edu\/vu-cft\/cft_newsletter\/references.htm\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>in light of this, the following 2022年世界杯预选赛赛程表 will privilege the term \u201ccommunity engagement.\u201d\u00a0 like \u201ccommunity-based teaching\u201d above, community engagement emphasizes the spatial and social dimensions of a shared place, whether local, national, or international.\u00a0 however, rather than merely being based in a community, \u201cengagement\u201d highlights the ways that students, faculty, and community members can act with one another in mutually beneficial ways.\u00a0 this said, \u201cservice learning\u201d appears frequently throughout the guide, especially in references to scholarly literature and institutes in higher education that continue to use and debate the term.<\/p>\n<h2>other cft guides about community engaged teaching<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"what is community engaged teaching?\" href=\"..\/..\/teaching-guides\/teaching-through-community-engagement\/teaching-through-community-engagement\/\">what is service learning or community engagement?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"best practices in community engaged teaching\" href=\"..\/..\/teaching-guides\/teaching-through-community-engagement\/best-practices-in-community-engaged-teaching\/\">best practices in community engaged teaching<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"community engaged teaching step by step\" href=\"..\/..\/teaching-guides\/teaching-through-community-engagement\/community-engaged-teaching-step-by-step\/\">community engaged teaching step by step<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"challenges and opportunities of community engaged teaching\" href=\"..\/..\/teaching-guides\/teaching-through-community-engagement\/challenges-and-opportunities-of-community-engaged-teaching\/\">challenges and opportunities of community engaged teaching<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"additional resources\" href=\"..\/..\/teaching-guides\/teaching-through-community-engagement\/community-engaged-teaching-resources\/\">additional resources<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by-nc\/4.0\/80x15.png\" alt=\"creative commons license\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nthis teaching guide is licensed under a <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">creative commons attribution-noncommercial 4.0 international license<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\/\/ by joe bandy, assistant director, cft &nbsp; as is obvious from the variety of teaching models associated with &#8220;service learning,&#8221; the term is a label for a wide variety of community-oriented pedagogies throughout higher education.\u00a0 traditionally, the term, \u201cservice learning,\u201d has been a more common label for these pedagogies and it is under this&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":452,"featured_media":0,"parent":18232,"menu_order":53,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"spay_email":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5641"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/452"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5641"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29324,"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5641\/revisions\/29324"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.imrbdigital.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}